The more phonological processes used together by a child at once, the more difficult it may be for a child to be understood by both familiar and unfamiliar conversation partners. However, developmental speech-sound norms differ in age and gender for each speech sound and cluster. Phonological processes typically begin to disappear, or are suppressed by the age of four. Vowelization: substitution of a vowel for a consonant.Vocalization: final position vocalic /l/ and /er/ becomes rounded vowels /u/ or /o/.Syllable Deletion: omission of one syllable of a multi-syllable word, usually the weaker unstressed syllable.Stridency Deletion: omission of strident consonants or replacement of them with non-strident consonants.Stopping: replacement of continuing consonants or affricates with stop consonants.Reduplication: repetition of phonemes or syllables.
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